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“Given the nature and scope of HBC’s long-standing relationship with First Nations, it is likely, if not certain, that many of the artifacts slated for auction are of profound cultural, spiritual, and historical significance to First Nations people,” Wilson said in the letter on Tuesday.

“Selling these items at auction without full transparency and consultation with impacted First Nations would not only be morally irresponsible but also represent a continuation of the colonial dispossession of First Nations’ lands and belongings that the HBC directly profited from for centuries.”

It is still unclear what specific artifacts could be included in the auction beyond the 355-year-old royal charter that launched the company.

Hudson’s Bay announced Wednesday it will liquidate all of its remaining stores and has previously said an auction “is the most transparent, fair and efficient approach to monetize the art collection while recognizing and protecting its cultural and historical significance.”

In addition to halting the sale or transfer of artifacts with possible links to First Nations, Wilson requested the full catalogue of items being considered for liquidation be made public.

She also said there should be a First Nations-led review process.

“These artifacts are not simply ‘valuable assets’ or one-of-a-kind collectibles, but pieces of living history, some of which may be sacred, stolen from First Nations or properly First Nations-owned,” she wrote.

Others have asked the company to transfer its royal charter to a public archival institution such as the Archives of Manitoba to ensure its preservation, rather than risk it being sold to a private buyer.

The charter, granted by King Charles II in 1670, is “one of the most significant archival documents that exists in Canada,” said Cody Groat, chair of the Canada Advisory Committee for Memory of the World, which is under the umbrella of the Canadian Commission for UNESCO.

Groat called the document “foundational” to discussions around political governance in Canada and treaty negotiations with Indigenous people.

That’s because the charter, which established Hudson’s Bay as a fur trading company, also granted it “semi-sovereign rights” which allowed it to operate both “as a business entity and as a colonial government at the same time,” Groat said.

“So when we look at this, it’s not just a document that established a business. It’s a document that really created a unique political colonial structure in Canada.”

Other Hudson’s Bay artifacts have previously been donated to the Archives of Manitoba. In 2007, those received UNESCO’s Memory of the World designation, meant to safeguard documents of historical and cultural importance.

But the charter, which has remained in the company’s possession, hasn’t received that recognition.

Groat said that to be designated, an item must be assessed to have been properly preserved according to archival conservation standards, and the general public must have reasonable access to it.

“What we’re calling for is a recognition that this should not be viewed as just another corporate asset,” he said.

“If a private corporation buys it, it could be designated, but it entering a public institution is kind of how we know it’s going to be preserved in a way that it ought to be preserved.”

This report by The Canadian Press was first published April 24, 2025.